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The following article by Ambassador Yoram Ettinger lists some of the direct connections between Passover and United States and Jewish history.
Some key points on this article:
- The Passover legacy contributed to the foundation of the culture, justice and liberty of the USA
- The Biblical liberation from Egypt inspired the early Pilgrims heading to the Promised Land. Hence, the abundance of sites in the US, bearing Biblical names
- The Exodus also shaped the worldview of the US Founding Fathers, who viewed themselves as the people of the “modern day Covenant”
- Some US Founding Fathers proposed the Parting of the Sea as the official US seal.
- “Go down Moses” and “Let my people go” became the pillar of fire for the Abolitionist Movement.
- Harriet Tubman, who risked her life smuggling slaves to Free States and Canada, was known as “Mama Moses.”
- On December 11, 1964, upon accepting the Nobel Prize, Martin Luther King, Jr., who was referred to as the Moses of his age, said: “The Bible tells the thrilling story of how Moses stood in Pharaoh’s court centuries ago and cried, ‘Let my people go!’”
- And for the Jewish people, there have been many other symbolic instances of the miraculous parting of the sea, leading to their repeated salvation over thousands of years of Jewish history.
The Linkage between the Jewish Passover
and American and Jewish History
By Yoram Ettinger
Author is consultant to Israel’s Cabinet members and Israeli legislators, and lecturer in the U.S., Canada and Israel on Israel’s unique contributions to American interests, the foundations of U.S.-Israel relations, the Iranian threat, and Jewish-Arab issues.
While Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” – partially based on the teachings of Moses, Judge Gideon and Prophet Samuel – cemented the 1776 American Revolution against the British crown, the Passover legacy cemented the Jewish Revolution (against the Egyptian crown), Jewish nationhood and the Jewish state.
The Passover legacy contributed to the foundation of the culture, justice and liberty of the USA, and the special attitude by the American people towards the Jewish state.
The Passover legacy contributed to the foundation of the culture, justice and liberty of the USA, and the special attitude by the American people towards the Jewish state.
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For instance, in 1897, Theodor Herzl “crossed the sea” with very few true believers – chased by the chariots of skepticism, shaming, hostility and austerity – and convened the First Zionist Congress that led to the eventual reconstruction of the Jewish Commonwealth.
On December 11, 1964, upon accepting the Nobel Prize, Martin Luther King, Jr., who was referred to as the Moses of his age, said: “The Bible tells the thrilling story of how Moses stood in Pharaoh’s court centuries ago and cried, ‘Let my people go!’”
READ MORE ON THE JEWISH NEW YEAR, by Yoram Ettinger
http://ottersandsciencenews.blogspot.ca/2015/09/the-meaning-of-rosh-hashanah-jewish-new.html
Yoram Ettinger's CV
http://www.theettingerreport.com/C-V----Lectures/C-V--(1)/C-V-.aspx
His website:
http://www.theettingerreport.com/Home.aspx
His articles on the Palestinian issue
http://www.theettingerreport.com/Palestinian-Issue.aspx
Cartoons
http://www.drybonesblog.blogspot.ca/
According to the late Israeli philosopher/historian, Israel Eldad, the super-natural Passover legacy has accompanied the Jewish people for the last 3,400 years, since the transformation – against seemingly insurmountable odds – from slavery to deliverance and sovereignty via a series of super-natural events:
- the Ten Plagues, and especially the 10th Plague, which killed every Egyptian first-born, but passed-over (Passover) the Jewish first-born;
- the deliverance/Exodus from slavery in Egypt, a super-power;
- the parting and crossing of the sea;
- the reception of the Ten Commandments; rebounding from the crises of the Golden Calf and the Ten Spies;
- defiance of the 40-year military, social, economic, external and internal odds in the desert;
- and, finally settling the Land of Israel.
Passover and Israel
According to “realistic” assessments, Judaism and the Jewish people were expected to be extinct/fossils by 2016, but instead they have risen to new heights, contributing immensely to the well-being of humanity, while some of their formidable enemies have suffered major setback and some have become extinct/fossils.
The sea of history has parted many times since the Biblical Exodus, featuring the Jewish people marching on relatively dry grounds (although soaked with much Jewish blood) to the Promised Land – in defiance of destruction, exile, expulsion, auto-da-fe’ (execution by burning), the Holocaust, pogroms, violent anti-Semitism, conventional warfare and terrorism – while their enemies drowned.
For instance, in 1897, Theodor Herzl “crossed the sea” with very few true believers – chased by the chariots of skepticism, shaming, hostility and austerity – and convened the First Zionist Congress that led to the eventual reconstruction of the Jewish Commonwealth.
In 1947-49, David Ben Gurion, Israel’s Founding Father, “crossed the sea” with only 600,000 fellow Jews – chased by the chariots of a hostile British Empire, a US military embargo, invading Arab military forces and Arab terrorism from within – and re-established the Jewish State.
In 1967, Prime Minister Eshkol “crossed the sea” – chased by the chariots of Western threats, a Soviet military alliance with the Arabs, UN hostility and the ready-to-invade Joint Arab Military Command – reunited Jerusalem and reclaimed Jewish control of Judea, Samaria and the Golan Heights.
In 1981, Prime Minister Begin “crossed the sea” – chased by the chariots of brutal US and global pressure and overwhelming domestic opposition – destroyed Iraq’s nuclear reactor, and spared the US a nuclear war in 1991.
The ancient Jewish sage, Rabban Gamliel, who realized the permanent relevance of the Passover legacy to Jewish challenges, instructed: “each generation must consider itself as if it was liberated from Egypt.”
Passover and the United States of America
In fact, the Biblical liberation from Egypt inspired the 17th century early Pilgrims of the Mayflower (1620) and Arbella (1630), who considered themselves the people of the “modern day Exodus,” departing from “modern day Egypt,” crossing the “modern day Red Sea” and heading towards the “modern day Promised Land.”
Hence, the abundance of sites in the US, bearing Biblical names (e.g., 18 Jerusalem).
The Exodus also shaped the worldview of the 18th century Founding Fathers, who viewed themselves as the people of the “modern day Covenant,” and has impacted the American ethos until today.
For example, Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” referred to King George as “the hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh of England.”
The second and third US presidents, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, and the relatively-secular Founding Father, Benjamin Franklin, proposed the Parting of the Sea as the official US seal.
The proposal was tabled, but the chosen seal features thirteen stars (colonies) in the shape of a Star of David.
Ezra Stiles, the President of Yale University – which features on its shield “Urim and Thummim,” the power of the High Priest during the Exodus – stated on May 8, 1873:
“Moses, the man of God, assembled three million people – the number of people in America in 1776.”
“Go down Moses” and “Let my people go” became the pillar of fire for the Abolitionist Movement.
Harriet Beecher Stow, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, was motivated by the Passover legacy, in general, and the laws of Moses, which condemn slavery, in particular.
Harriet Tubman, who risked her life smuggling slaves to Free States and Canada, was known as “Mama Moses.”
Her biography is titled “The Moses of Her People.” Tubman followed in the footsteps of Biblical Shifrah and Pou’ah, two Jewish midwives, who risked their lives, hiding the newly-born male Jewish babies, in violation of Pharaoh’s command (Numbers 1:15-19).
Women played a central role in the legacy of Passover, highlighting Yocheved, Moses’ mother, who hid Moses and then breastfed him at Pharaoh’s palace, posing as a nursemaid; Miriam, Moses’ sister, who was her younger brother’s keeper; Princess Batyah, the daughter of Pharaoh, who saved, adopted and raised Moses (Numbers 2:1-10); and Tziporah, Moses’ wife, who saved his life and set him back on the Jewish course (Numbers, 4:24-27).
On December 11, 1964, upon accepting the Nobel Prize, Martin Luther King, Jr., who was referred to as the Moses of his age, said: “The Bible tells the thrilling story of how Moses stood in Pharaoh’s court centuries ago and cried, ‘Let my people go!’”
In 2016, the bust of Moses faces the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, and the statue of Moses, holding the Tablets, towers above the US Supreme Court Justices.
Moses, the lawgiver, in the center of this image
- located in the eastern pediment of the US Supreme Court
The deeply-rooted linkage between Passover, the US and Israel is accurately described by King Solomon’s momentous lesson (Ecclesiastes, 4:12): “A triple-braided cord is not easily broken.”
MORE ON THE PASSOVER
3. The Exodus has been an integral part of the American story since the landing of the 17th century early Pilgrims, who considered themselves “the people of the modern day Exodus,” who departed from “the modern day Egypt” (Britain), rebelled against “the modern day Pharaoh,” (King James I and King Charles I), crossed “the modern day Red Sea” (the Atlantic Ocean) and headed toward “the modern day Promised Land” (America). Hence, the abundance of US sites bearing Biblical names, such as Jerusalem, Salem (the original name of Jerusalem), Bethel, Shiloh, Ephrata’, Tekoa’, Bethlehem, Moriah, Zion, etc.
4. The Exodus is mentioned 50 times in the Torah, equal to the 50 years of the Jubilee - the Biblical symbol of liberty – which is featured on the Liberty Bell (installed in 1751 – the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter of Privileges): “Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof (Leviticus, 25:10).” Moses received the Torah - which includes 50 gates of wisdom - 50 days following the Exodus, as celebrated by the Shavou'ot/Pentecost Holiday. And, there are 50 States in the United States, whose Hebrew name is ארצות הברית, the States of the Covenant.
5. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense – “the cement of the Revolution” - referred to King George as “the hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh of England.” John Adams and Thomas Jefferson – the 2nd and 3rd US presidents - and Benjamin Franklin, proposed the Parting of the Sea as the official US seal.
6. A documentation of the Exodus - which took place in the second half of the 15th century BCE, during the reign of Egypt’s Amenhotep II – was provided by the late Prof. Yehudah Elitzur, one of Israel’s pioneers of Biblical research.
7. Passover is the oldest Jewish national liberation holiday, highlighting the mutually-inclusive aspects of Judaism: religion, nationality, culture/morality, language and history. Passover highlights individual and national liberty and optimism, which have played a critical role in preserving Judaism, Jews and the yearning to reconstruct the Jewish Homeland, in defiance of the 40 years in the desert and the 2,500 year of exile, destruction, pogroms, the Holocaust, boycotts, wars, terrorism and anti-Semitism.
8. Passover stipulates that human rejuvenation – just like the rejuvenation of nature - must be driven by roots/memory/history. Therefore, parents are instructed to educate their children about the lessons of Passover. Passover was an early edition of the 19th century Spring of Nations. It is celebrated in the spring, the bud of nature. Spring is mentioned 3 times in the Torah, all in reference to the Exodus. Passover – which commemorates the creation of the Jewish nation – lasts seven days, just like the creation of the universe.
9. Passover's centrality in Judaism is highlighted by the first of the Ten Commandments: "I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery."
10. Passover highlights the central role of women: Yocheved, Moses’ mother, hid Moses and then breastfed him at the palace of Pharaoh, posing as a nursemaid; Miriam, Moses’ older sister, was her brother’s keeper; Batyah, the daughter of Pharaoh saved and adopted Moses (Numbers 2:1-10); Shifrah and Pou’ah, two Jewish midwives, risked their lives, sparing the lives of Jewish male babies, in violation of Pharaoh’s command (Numbers 1:15-19); Tziporah, Moses’ wife, saved the life of Moses and set him back on the Jewish course (Numbers, 4:24-27). They followed in the footsteps of Sarah, Rebecca, Leah and Rachel, the Matriarchs who engineered, in many respects, the roadmap of the Patriarchs.
11. Passover is the first of the three Jewish pilgrimages to Jerusalem, followed by Shavou’ot (Pentecost), which commemorates the receipt of the Ten Commandments, and Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles) and named after Sukkota - the first stop in the Exodus.
12. The Passover Seder is concluded by the declaration: "Next Year in the rebuilt, unified Jerusalem!"
1. According to Heinrich Heine, the 19th century German poet, "Since the Exodus, freedom has always spoken with a Hebrew accent."
2. Moses’ “Let my people go” paved the road to the Exodus. In 1850, it became a code song for black slaves, who were freed by Harriet Tubman’s (“Mama Moses”) “Underground Railroad.”
2. Moses’ “Let my people go” paved the road to the Exodus. In 1850, it became a code song for black slaves, who were freed by Harriet Tubman’s (“Mama Moses”) “Underground Railroad.”
Paul Robeson and Louis Armstrong enhanced its popularity through the lyrics: “When Israel was Egypt’s land, let my people go! Oppressed so hard they could not stand, let my people go! Go down Moses, way down in Egypt’s land; tell old Pharaoh to let my people go….!”
3. The Exodus has been an integral part of the American story since the landing of the 17th century early Pilgrims, who considered themselves “the people of the modern day Exodus,” who departed from “the modern day Egypt” (Britain), rebelled against “the modern day Pharaoh,” (King James I and King Charles I), crossed “the modern day Red Sea” (the Atlantic Ocean) and headed toward “the modern day Promised Land” (America). Hence, the abundance of US sites bearing Biblical names, such as Jerusalem, Salem (the original name of Jerusalem), Bethel, Shiloh, Ephrata’, Tekoa’, Bethlehem, Moriah, Zion, etc.
4. The Exodus is mentioned 50 times in the Torah, equal to the 50 years of the Jubilee - the Biblical symbol of liberty – which is featured on the Liberty Bell (installed in 1751 – the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter of Privileges): “Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof (Leviticus, 25:10).” Moses received the Torah - which includes 50 gates of wisdom - 50 days following the Exodus, as celebrated by the Shavou'ot/Pentecost Holiday. And, there are 50 States in the United States, whose Hebrew name is ארצות הברית, the States of the Covenant.
5. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense – “the cement of the Revolution” - referred to King George as “the hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh of England.” John Adams and Thomas Jefferson – the 2nd and 3rd US presidents - and Benjamin Franklin, proposed the Parting of the Sea as the official US seal.
The proposal was tabled, but the chosen seal features thirteen stars (colonies), above the Eagle, in the shape of a Star of David. Ezra Stiles, the President of Yale University – which features on its shield “Urim and Thummim,” the power of the High Priest during the Exodus - stated on May 8, 1873: “Moses, the man of God, assembled three million people, the number of people in America in 1776.”
Theodore White wrote in The Making of the President 1960: “It is as if Kennedy, a younger Moses, had led an elderly Joshua [LBJ] to the height of Mount Nebo…and there shown him the Promised Land which he himself would never be entering, but which Joshua would make his own.” In 2017, the bust of Moses faces the Speaker of the US House of Representatives, and eight statues and engravings of Moses and the Tablets are featured in the US Supreme Court.
6. A documentation of the Exodus - which took place in the second half of the 15th century BCE, during the reign of Egypt’s Amenhotep II – was provided by the late Prof. Yehudah Elitzur, one of Israel’s pioneers of Biblical research.
Accordingly, the 40-year national coalescing of the Jewish people – while wandering in the desert - took place when Egypt was ruled by Thutmose IV. Joshua conquered Canaan when Egypt was ruled by Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV, who were preoccupied with domestic affairs, refraining from expansionist operations.
Moreover, letters which were discovered in Tel el Amarna, the capital city of ancient Egypt, documented that the 14th century BCE Pharaoh, Amenhotep IV, was informed by the rulers of Jerusalem, Samaria and other parts of Canaan, about a military offensive launched by the “Habirus” (Hebrews and other Semitic tribes), which corresponded to the timing of Joshua’s offensive against the same rulers.
Amenhotep IV was a determined reformer, who introduced monotheism, possibly influenced by the nationally and religiously game-changing Exodus. Further documentation of the Exodus is provided by Dr. Joshua Berman of Bar Ilan University.
7. Passover is the oldest Jewish national liberation holiday, highlighting the mutually-inclusive aspects of Judaism: religion, nationality, culture/morality, language and history. Passover highlights individual and national liberty and optimism, which have played a critical role in preserving Judaism, Jews and the yearning to reconstruct the Jewish Homeland, in defiance of the 40 years in the desert and the 2,500 year of exile, destruction, pogroms, the Holocaust, boycotts, wars, terrorism and anti-Semitism.
8. Passover stipulates that human rejuvenation – just like the rejuvenation of nature - must be driven by roots/memory/history. Therefore, parents are instructed to educate their children about the lessons of Passover. Passover was an early edition of the 19th century Spring of Nations. It is celebrated in the spring, the bud of nature. Spring is mentioned 3 times in the Torah, all in reference to the Exodus. Passover – which commemorates the creation of the Jewish nation – lasts seven days, just like the creation of the universe.
9. Passover's centrality in Judaism is highlighted by the first of the Ten Commandments: "I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery."
The Passover ethos is included in daily Jewish prayers, Shabbat and holiday prayers, the blessing over the wine, the blessing upon circumcision, the prayer fixed in the Mezuzah (doorpost) and in the annual family retelling of the Exodus on the eve of Passover.
Passover symbolizes the unity of - and interdependence between - the People of Israel, the Torah of Israel and the Land of Israel.
10. Passover highlights the central role of women: Yocheved, Moses’ mother, hid Moses and then breastfed him at the palace of Pharaoh, posing as a nursemaid; Miriam, Moses’ older sister, was her brother’s keeper; Batyah, the daughter of Pharaoh saved and adopted Moses (Numbers 2:1-10); Shifrah and Pou’ah, two Jewish midwives, risked their lives, sparing the lives of Jewish male babies, in violation of Pharaoh’s command (Numbers 1:15-19); Tziporah, Moses’ wife, saved the life of Moses and set him back on the Jewish course (Numbers, 4:24-27). They followed in the footsteps of Sarah, Rebecca, Leah and Rachel, the Matriarchs who engineered, in many respects, the roadmap of the Patriarchs.
11. Passover is the first of the three Jewish pilgrimages to Jerusalem, followed by Shavou’ot (Pentecost), which commemorates the receipt of the Ten Commandments, and Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles) and named after Sukkota - the first stop in the Exodus.
12. The Passover Seder is concluded by the declaration: "Next Year in the rebuilt, unified Jerusalem!"
SOURCES
http://www.jewishpress.com/judaism/holidays/the-israel-passover-usa-linkage/2016/04/22/
More on Jewish Holidays by the same author
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READ MORE ON THE JEWISH NEW YEAR, by Yoram Ettinger
http://ottersandsciencenews.blogspot.ca/2015/09/the-meaning-of-rosh-hashanah-jewish-new.html
http://www.theettingerreport.com/C-V----Lectures/C-V--(1)/C-V-.aspx
His website:
http://www.theettingerreport.com/Home.aspx
His articles on the Palestinian issue
http://www.theettingerreport.com/Palestinian-Issue.aspx
Cartoons
http://www.drybonesblog.blogspot.ca/
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